![]() In the Neotropics, parrots are exceptionally rich in species, and there are approximately 158 species distributed from northern Mexico to southern South America (Clements et al., 2021 Forshaw, 1989). Consequently, all neotropical psittaciform species are listed in the CITES protected species appendices (CITES, 2022). Unfortunately, this group is also notable for being among the most endangered birds globally. In the Neotropical region, the main threats they face and that have caused their populations to decrease are human activities, such as agriculture, logging, and capture for the pet trade, among others (Berkunsky et al., 2017 Cantú-Guzmán et al., 2007). We propose dispersion routes from south to north in the Neotropics and the use of the Greater and Lesser Antilles as a northward path.PsittaciformesAriniBayesian inferencephylogenyhistorical biogeographyNeotropicsFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5IntroductionPsittaciformes are one of the most representative avian orders, since their coloration, cognitive capacity, and ability to imitate human words distinguish them from other birds. The diversification of these groups is related to geoclimatic events associated with the uplift of the central and northern portions of the Andes and the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Biogeographic reconstruction suggests that the most likely origin of these genera is the Amazonian or Chaco regions. Aratinga is the oldest, followed by Eupsittula and the youngest is Psittacara. The genera Aratinga and Eupsittula originated during the Miocene, and the genus Psittacara originated at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. We found that of the seven monophyletic clades within the Arini tribe, four coincided with the genera Psittacara, Eupsittula, Rhynchopsitta, and Pyrrhura, and three clades were integrated by different genera. ![]() ![]() In this study, phylogenetic relationships, divergence times and the ancestral areas of the genera Aratinga, Eupsittula and Psittacara and related genera were estimated to propose hypotheses of origin, diversification, and dispersal of groups under a Bayesian inference framework based on mitochondrial molecular markers. However, in general, for North American psittacines, there are no proposed divergence times, and the possible influence of different geological events on these processes is unknown. ![]() It is widely accepted that these birds originated in South America, and it has been suggested that different factors have promoted the biodiversity of birds in Mexico. work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 2posted 08 Mar, 2023You are reading this latest preprint versionShow more versionsAbstractThe arrival of psittacines in North America is well known but undefined. Monterrubio-Rico, Horacio Cano-Camacho, and 1 moreThis is a preprint it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. Origin and diversification of the genera Aratinga, Eupsittula and Psittacara (Aves: Psittacidae) | Research Square BrowsePreprintsCOVID-19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & ServicesOverviewDigital EditingProfessional EditingBadgesResearch PromotionYour CartAboutPreprint PlatformIn ReviewEditorial PoliciesOur TeamAdvisory BoardBlogHelp CenterSign InSubmit a PreprintCiteShareDownload PDFResearch ArticleOrigin and diversification of the genera Aratinga, Eupsittula and Psittacara (Aves: Psittacidae)Gabriela Padilla-Jacobo, Tiberio C.
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![]() Our welding equipment includes amps, electrode holders, cutting tips and more. Punching holes in your metal projects is made simple with our metal drills and metal drill presses.įor drilling, milling and facing, Busy Bee Tools carries a range of high-quality metal milling machines, including mini-mills for those with limited space.Īny selection of metalworking tools would be incomplete without welding tools. Those who fabricate sheet metal can choose from our wide selection of sheet metal tools such as metal brakes, sheet metal shears, metal hand shears and sheet metal machines. Or, shape your metal with a metalworking lathe. For projects that could be ruined by exposure to too much heat, choose a slow grinder. Check out our quality metalworking bandsaws, metal grinders, metal grinder wheels and metal belt sanders. We have a wide selection of metal cutting tools and tools designed to remove material from your project. Our huge selection allows you to complete your metalworking projects, or care for your tools, with the methods that best suit you. like a Router table free standing.Busy Bee Tools sells metalworking equipment that professionals and serious hobbyists can rely on to get the job done. for me with limited workspace mostly tools get broke down and put away when not in use. some times the like kits are worth it.Įspecially when you can buy them on sale. it is nice not to have keep changing bits. two for the two DeWalts and one for the craftsman. you will want a router table at some point. i also have to old craftsman 1/4 shaft routers and one small back & decker, my first one about 50 years ago. came with a "D" plunge and a standard base. seems to be 50 / 50 Bosch vs DEWALT Router (2021): Comparing they both work well. i have used the Bosh they seem to be same. ![]() with finger switch and edge guide much safer. mine came with edge guide, plunge and the "D" handle also edge guide with dust collection. along with a lot of other wood working tools. now it lives in a large roll around tool chest. Not one of my fellow woodworkers own one or do I know anyone personally that does.Īt the time i bought mine it only came in a hard case about 10 years ago. I definitely wish I would have done more research and talked to someone who actually owned one. Now please reach out and ask about the CNC. I feel that once you buy one and spend 3x as much compared to the others you feel almost obligated to brag about it because you've spent so much on it. I hear quite a few not so good issues with them. I'm only telling you this because I've owned them all except for the Festool. They have a fine tuning dial which is pretty accurate. This is the only part of the Bosch where they out perform the others. You may find that the Dewalt with the spiral type adjustment isn't as accurate as the threaded Milwaukee. I just like the fact you can hold it with one hand and have superb control over the router. I got the VS Milwaukee mainly because of the soft start and theirs is pretty nice compared to the Bosch. It is still running strong and I got that one when they first came out. I actually gave my son my original body grip Milwaukee single speed a few years ago. I would purchase the Milwaukee in a heart beat again. I've spent a lot of money and lost a lot trying to find the right tools. I just wish I had someone who would have told me more about which is good or bad. I can't believe at how many different tools I've owned over the years. So if you have any more questions feel free to ask. I still have the Milwaukee 5625 in my router table with lift and have used it for literally hundreds of hrs and it still runs quiet and cool. I owned quite a few routers over the years. Also with the body grip the power switch is right there for you thumb. The body grip keeps it extremely well balanced for use with one hand and when you do dovetails using the knobs also keep it well balanced. If you have a chance to try out the Milwaukee you will see why its my favorite. I'm only telling you about the Milwaukee and other Bosch unit because I owned and still own the Milwaukee. I used to do a lot of custom floor installs which required me to need several routers so I could keep the cutters installed and therefore keep consistency. It has the power switch in the one knob and is very helpful for keeping balance when turning on the power. If one needs repair I swap it out and rebuild it. I have the Bosch units in my Axiom CNC machine and use them as spindles. I love the body grip and its extremely well balanced. I have another point to add or should I say router to look at. ![]() The game reset to the $20 million minimum on Saturday 01/23/21, which was won, and then another jackpot hit on 01/30/21.Ī Powerball ticket sold in Texas during September 2019. A ticket sold in Maryland hit the $731.1 million jackpot on Wednesday 01/20/21. Powerball eight months ago had three jackpot winners in four drawings. Since they purchased the Power Play for an extra $1, their second-prize ticket is worth $2 million instead of the normal $1 million prize. There was no grand prize winner, but there was a ticket sold in Virginia that matched all five white balls, and minus the red Powerball, for the game's second-prize. ![]() The Monday 09/27/21 Powerball jackpot was worth $545 million. Here are the winning numbers from last Monday night's drawing: The jackpot could increase if sales further lottery projections, according to officials. Wednesday night's 09/29/21 Powerball jackpot was estimated at $570 million, with a cash option worth $410.1 million. If nobody wins the grand prize, then it'll likely soar to become the sixth-largest Powerball prize ever for the Saturday drawing. If won, it'll be the eighth-largest Powerball prize of all time. Here are the numbers from the Wednesday night drawing. Here is the Mega Millions website for more information, or to check any potential past numbers.The Powerball jackpot for 09/29/21 was $570 million. Like Powerball, the jackpot is reset at $20 million after a jackpot is won, and one line of numbers is $2, with a $1 option to multiply their winnings with a Megaplier. The other multi-state lottery is Mega Millions, which is played on Tuesdays and Fridays. If all five white, numbered balls are chosen but the red Powerball is not correct, then the payout is $1 million, with an even higher payout if the power play is chosen. The same payout goes for one ball plus the Powerball, and $7 is the payout for two correct numbers with the Powerball, or three correct numbers and no Powerball. Just getting the Powerball with no other numbers pays out $4, and even more if the power play is bought for an extra dollar. There are nine ways to win money during the Powerball. You can check the numbers for tonight, or any past winning numbers, on the official Powerball website. Powerball jackpots start at $20 million, and other prizes pay from $1 million to $2 million with a Power Play. Powerball is a multi-state lottery played every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday, and one of America's two biggest lottery jackpot games. The odds of hitting the grand prize jackpot are 1 in 292,201,338, regardless of the jackpot size-according to Powerball's website. That ticket was sold at a 7-Eleven store in Bonita Springs, Florida, for the $394 million grand prize, which had a cash option of $274.6 million. The grand prize winner before that was on 01/29/20. ![]() The previous grand prize won before that was $70 million in the 02/12/20 drawing with a ticket purchased in Michigan. The previous winning ticket sold was purchased in New Jersey for the 04/08/20 jackpot worth $190 million. The previous winning ticket was sold on June 10, 2020. Normally, the game would reset to a $40 million minimum, but the COVID-19 pandemic forced Powerball officials to cut the minimum jackpot in half, which began with the 04/11/20 jackpot. The previous winning ticket was sold back on Augfor a jackpot worth $169 million. It was the fourth-largest jackpot in the game's history. Previous to the last four winners, the last winning Powerball ticket was sold on Wednesday, January 20, 2021, in Maryland for the $730 million jackpot. ![]() The game reset to the $20 million minimum on Saturday 01/23/21, which was won, and then another jackpot hit on 01/30/21. Powerball nine months ago had three jackpot winners in four drawings. The previous Powerball grand-prize winner was 03/27/21 for a drawing worth $238 million. That ticket was sold in Jacksonville, Florida, at a Circle K convenience store. The previous Powerball grand prize winner before that was on Saturday 06/05/21 for a $286 million jackpot. Tickets shown for the Powerball lottery in Texas during June 2019. Gershom Charig,, Marcus Gellermark, Mauricio Estrella,, Bianca Yvonne, Dennis van Lith, Renato Ruškan, Paulo Neto. With Image2icon is as easy as dropping a file.įor video tutorials, “how to” and general information Restore your original icon with just one drop.ĭrop a bunch of images and let Image2icon process them in a single shot.ĭo you want to grab an application icon and use it in your projects? With Image2icon you can easily remove your picture background for best results. ° Favicons - Multisize ico, different iOS formats, Android and IE10 Metro ° iOS - Every format needed for your iPhone, iPad or Apple Watch App Zoom, move, rotate and change the background color of your icons to achieve the best final result. Have fun placing text and emoji on top of your icons Unleash your creativity! Choose between 20+ retina ready templates and apply them with just one click.Īll the templates are available via In App Purchase. It’s easy as pie: drop an image to Image2icon, then drop a file or folder apply the icon. You can add movie title (if you can find on net with png extension, or you need to ‘freehand select’ and make your own), you can resize and overlay into your folder icon (see my footage), also cut and paste head of character or add any ‘layers’ you wish to enhance your icon.Image2icon is the easiest way to create your own mac icons and customize your folders and files. ![]() Once you have png file, you can either use it straight away or you can convert it to mac ICN file or windows ico file Save your work and export to png file (it will be a fixed standard 512x512 pixels file) You can also "open as layer" to import shadow file (i included few for you to try), folder shadow-line file, again shift to front or behind depending on your situation You can now "open as layer" to import folder tab file (i included few for you to try), and then shift it behind your "front" layer The this video i did select head section and put above to my 'front' layer, it is optional, you can continue with or without that step. while you are on this layer, on GIMP menu item called, click it, then go down to, and select, and then, this will work most of the time. In your template use fuzzy select tool to select layer, and then invert selection, open the movie photo (in PNG format only!) as layer, adjust so it will cover entire ‘front’, now, it will trim nicely and make your ‘front’ with movie photo you desired (if you use jpg file, it will give you white background colour in the supposed to trim area, because jpg doesn’t support alpha color/channel), you can always convert jpg to png easily with your software or online conversion during preparation. i found it’s easier to work that way, no need to flip through layers all the time, you may want to do it this way too. Mine has only one layer to start with, as you can see from footage, i import back layers from outside of this file, so you know every layers are stacking up. Launch GIMP and open your downloaded template file, in this case it's called fresh.xcf The movie picture or poster you want to make icon must be in 512x512 pixels in size, well, at least width must be 512 pixels and height is 320 pixels, cut, trim and resize into something like that 512w by 320h+ (i usually go 512w x 400h so i can shift around and trim) This template has only 1 layer (yes ONE layer) to start! xcf format, it is GIMP format, not really sure if it's compatible with adobe photoshop, if it does, it should work in similar fashion, let me know if it is! There are ready made movie folder icon templates, search ‘folder icon template’ you should get some, usually in. Photoshop or GIMP are using concept of, each layer is independent, you can work with it, and shift layers up or down, and finally overlay each layer into 1 single layer to form a picture. photo resizing and enhancing software (i use mac's default 'preview' software) ![]() GIMP (similar to adobe photoshop, but this one is free)Ĭ. I decided to upload a folder making tutorial on youtube, and hope people who want to do their movie folder have an easier guideī. ![]() If your computer stucks completely and you can't do anything on it even though you have tried manually closing the computer, you have to cut off its power supply by disconnecting the power cable or pull out the battery. If your computer stucks while you are trying to take operations to Backup and Sync, and there is no important document data being saved, you can just shut down your machine to stop Google photos backup. If you are using Wi-Fi, just disconnect it. To cut off the Network connection, directly pull out the network cable connected to the computer. Therefore, if you cut off the Internet connection of your machine, it can also stop Google Photos from backing up. Uploading photos from local devices to cloud drives is an online task and need to rely on network supply. Anyhow, as long as Backup and Sync is uninstalled, it will stop Google Drive from uploading immediately as you wish. There are several methods to remove the software from your machine: you can uninstall it in Control Panel/in Windows Settings/through your antivirus service or other ways. No matter what kind of device you are using and no matter what operating system you are running, you can stop Google Drive syncing through uninstalling Backup and Sync application. Opt with the Saving Options Now, choose the saving option from the drop-down list and opt with inbuilt features. Select the Mailbox Folders Check the folders from the tree you want to backup and click Next. Yet, you can also rely on other side ways in case that the above solutions don't work. Get log in to Gmail Account Download and launch the Gmail Backup software, enter your login credentials, and click Sign In. Of course, closing Backup and Sync is the most effective method to disable Google photos backup. Without power supply, Google Photos app will not work. Thus, it will cut off photos backup on Google. ![]() ![]() If you disconnect the network (WiFi or mobile data) of Google Photos on your device, then there is no network for data transportation. Uninstalling Google Photos app will completely stop all tasks you arrange for the app including automatic photos backup and sync. Then, all the set tasks will be cancelled. Deleting Google Photos app won’t turn off Backup & Sync.ĭisconnect your Google account from Photos app.Changing the backup and sync status on Photos app will affect all other Google apps which use Backup and Sync like Google Drive. |